Journal: Cancer Communications
Article Title: Metabolic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma informs a novel kynurenine/Siglec‐15 axis in immune escape
doi: 10.1002/cac2.12545
Figure Lengend Snippet: Kyn induced Siglec‐15‐mediated immune escape. (A) The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐PCR assay was performed using an IgG or AhR antibody after treatment with 200 µmol/L Kyn for 1 h. Two primers targeting the promoter region of SIGLEC15 and CD274 mRNA were used for RT‐qPCR analysis. (B) 293T cells were co‐transfected with SIGLEC15 / CD274 promoter‐luciferase reporter PGL3 for 24 h and treated with the indicated concentration of Kyn for another 6 h, followed by an analysis of luciferase activity. (C) 293T cells were co‐transfected with SIGLEC15 / CD274 promoter‐luciferase reporter PGL3 for 24 h and treated with 200 µmol/L Kyn for the indicated time, followed by an analysis of luciferase activity. (D) 293T cells were co‐transfected with promoter‐luciferase reporter plasmids and siAhR /siScr for 24 h and treated with 200 µmol/L Kyn for 6 h. (E) SCCVII cells were transfected with lentivirus‐ SIGLEC15 , and transfection was confirmed using Western blotting analysis. (F) Vector or SIGLEC15 ‐overexpressing SCCVII cells were subcutaneously injected into C3H/He mice ( n = 5 per group). Tumor volumes were measured once every two days. (G) Tumor weights were measured after mice were euthanized. (H‐J) H&E (H), TUNEL (I), and Ki‐67 (J) staining analyses of tumor tissues in each group. (K‐P) Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) harvested from xenograft tumors, and the percentages of CD3 + CD8 + (K), Ki‐67 + (L), PD‐1 + (M), IFN‐γ + (N), granzyme B + (O), and perforin + cells (P) were analyzed using flow cytometry. (Q) The percentages of CD8 + in the indicated tumors were analyzed by multiplex immunofluorescence staining. (R) The volume and Ki‐67 expression of tumor were compared in tongue orthotopic transplant models established by vector or SIGLEC15 ‐overexpressing SCCVII cells ( n = 6 mice per group). (S) PD‐1 + CD8 + T cells were compared in tongue orthotopic transplant models ( n = 6 mice per group), based on multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Three regions of interest (ROIs) in each tumor were analyzed and measured. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (A‐D, F‐G and I‐S) based on three independent experiments (A‐D). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, ns: not significant. Abbreviations: Kyn, kynurenine; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; RT‐qPCR, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; siScr, siScramble; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; TUNEL, TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling; PD‐1, programmed cell death protein 1; TIL, Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte; IFN‐γ, interferon‐gamma; ROI, region of interest; SEM, tandard error of the mean; ns, not significant.
Article Snippet: Anti‐CD3 rabbit antibody (1:200 dilution, ab16669, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and anti‐CD8 rabbit antibody (1:200 dilution, ab209775, Abcam) for SCCVII tumors, anti‐CD8 (D8A8Y) rabbit antibody (1:200 dilution, 85336, Cell Signaling Technology) for HNSCC tissues, and anti‐PD‐1 rabbit antibody (1:200 dilution, 66220‐1‐Ig, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies.
Techniques: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Luciferase, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Western Blot, Plasmid Preparation, Injection, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Multiplex Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, End Labeling